China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced on Wednesday the suspension of discussions with the United States regarding future consultations on arms control and non-proliferation. A spokesperson for the ministry attributed this decision squarely to actions by the US.
China took this step due to the deteriorating political environment that has undermined ongoing arms control discussions between the two nations. Furthermore, the US has continued to authorise arms sales to Taiwan, actions that China views as detrimental to its core interests and detrimental to mutual trust between the two countries.
Still, China remains open to maintaining communication with the US on international arms control matters, provided that such communication is conducted on the basis of mutual respect, peaceful coexistence, and mutually beneficial cooperation. However, for dialogue and exchange to resume, the U.S. must demonstrate respect for China’s core interests and take steps to create a conducive environment.
China’s role in arms control and non-proliferation is an evolving subject, reflecting its growing influence on the global stage. China has been an active participant in international arms control efforts, often balancing between its national security interests and its global responsibilities.
Firstly, China has been a significant player in global non-proliferation initiatives, particularly concerning nuclear weapons. It has consistently supported the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and has shown a commitment to its obligations under the treaty, including its pledge not to transfer nuclear weapons or nuclear explosive devices to any recipient, directly or indirectly.
Secondly, China has engaged in bilateral and multilateral arms control negotiations. For instance, it has participated in talks such as the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty with the US and Russia. Moreover, China’s stance on arms control has evolved with its military modernisation and technological advancements.
It has sought to balance its nuclear deterrence capabilities with international expectations for transparency and restraint. China is committed to the principles of nuclear disarmament, non-proliferation, and peaceful use of nuclear energy. In addition to adhering to the NPT, it advocates for the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons. China maintains a policy of no-first-use of nuclear weapons, emphasising their role solely as a deterrent.
China participates in international arms control negotiations and agreements. It has engaged in bilateral arms control talks, such as those with the US, primarily focusing on nuclear weapons and missile defense systems.
China supports transparency and confidence-building measures in arms control, believing these are essential for reducing mistrust and enhancing global security. It has participated in initiatives to promote transparency in military spending and capabilities.
China’s policy on arms control is influenced by its regional security concerns, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region. Its military modernization, including advancements in missile technology and naval capabilities, is viewed as critical to defending its territorial integrity and sovereignty.
China advocates for arms control measures in emerging domains such as cybersecurity and outer space. It supports international efforts to prevent an arms race in these domains and calls for the development of norms and regulations to enhance security and stability.
China opposes the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) and their means of delivery. It has implemented export control measures to prevent the transfer of sensitive technologies and materials that could contribute to WMD proliferation.
China seeks to play a constructive role in global governance on arms control and non-proliferation issues. It advocates for multilateralism, international cooperation, and adherence to international law as the foundation for addressing global security challenges. While it participates in international efforts and supports disarmament initiatives, its approach is characterised by pragmatism, strategic calculation, and a cautious balancing of its own interests with global expectations.
Overall, while China has made contributions to global arms control and non-proliferation efforts, its approach is often nuanced and influenced by its national security imperatives and strategic interests. As China continues to rise as a global power, its role in shaping the future of arms control and non-proliferation will be crucial, requiring careful international engagement and dialogue to address mutual concerns and ensure global stability.
